Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity management in the Andes of southern Ecuador
نویسنده
چکیده
Traditional ecological knowledge andbiodiversity management intheAndes ofsouthernEcuadorThe tropical mountain rainforests of the easternAndean slopes insouthern Ecuador have an extraordi-nary rich biodiversity. At the same time. thesesensitiveecosystems are vulnerable because of theextensionof agricultural land, theextraction oftimber. miningactivities, the tapping of water resources andsimilaranthropogenic intrusions. Ethno-specificknowledgeof the tropical rainforest ecosystem was determinedin sample communities of the Shuar, the Saragurosand theMestizo-Colonos -particularly with respect tothenatural forest resources andtheir uses. Ethnoeco¬logical and agrogeographical researchmethods wereused todocument the indigenous knowledge oftradi¬ tionally utilized wild andeultivated plants, toanalyzecurrent forms of land use(including thetraditionalcultivation offorest andhome gardens), and toevalu¬ ateethno-specific survival strategies and strategies ofbiodiversity management. Zusammenfassung: Traditionelles Umweltwissenund Biodiversitätsmanagement indenAndenSüdecuadorsDie tropischen Bergregenwälder deröstlichen Anden¬ausläufer sinddurch eine überproportional hohe Bio¬diversität gekennzeichnet. Gleichzeitig stehen diese,vielfach alsbesonders sensibelbeschriebenen Berg¬waldökosysteme unter einem enormenNutzungsdruckdurch die Ausdehnung landwirtschaftlicher Nutzflä¬chen, durch Holzentnahme, Abbau von Bodenschätzen,Wassergewinnung undandere anthropogeneEingriffe.Ethnospezifische Kenntnisse über dasÖkosystem«tropischer Bergregenwald», insbesondere über dienatürlichen Waldressourcen undderen Nutzungsmög¬lichkeiten wurden in exemplarischen GemeindenderShuar, der Saraguro und derMestizo-Colonos erhoben.Unter Anwendung ethnoökologischer und agrargeo¬graphischerForschungsmethoden wurden die indige¬nen Kenntnisse übertraditionell verwendete Wild-undKulturpflanzen dokumentiert, aktuelle FormenderLandnutzung einschließlich destraditionellen Anbaus indenWaldund Hausgärten analysiert sowie dieeth-nospezifischen Lebensunterhaltsstrategien undStrate¬gien des Biodiversitätsmanagements bewertet. Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity management Perdita Pohle, Andres Gerique285 Resume: Savoir ecologique traditionnel et gestion de labiodiversite dans lesAndes du sud de l'EquateurLesforets tropicales montagnardes ducontrefort est desAndes sont marquees par une biodiversiteexceptionnelle. En meme temps, celles-ci sont decri-tes comme des ecosystemes particulierement fragiles,souffrant de la Surexploitation due äl'expansion dessurfaces agricoles par prelevement de bois, extractionde ressourcesminerales,prelevements hydrauliques etautres interventions anthropiques. Desdonnees eth-nospecifiques relatives äl'ecosysteme desforets mon¬tagnardes tropicales ont ete collectees dans des com¬munescaracteristiques des Shuar, des Saraguro et desMestizo-Colonos, particulierement en cequiconcerneles ressources naturelles de laforet et leurs possibilitesd'exploitation. Lesconnaissances de la populationindigene relatives auxplantes sauvages et aux culturesont fait l'objet d'uneattention particuliere, gräce ädes methodes derecherches ethnoecologiques et de geo¬graphie rurale. Lesformesactuelles del'exploitationdu sol, y compris laculture traditionnelle dans les jar-dins potagers etforestiers, ont egalement eteetudiees.Finalement, les strategiesethnospecifiques desubsistance ainsi que les strategies de gestion de labiodiver¬site ont ete evaluees. Prof. Dr.Perdita Pohle,Dipl.-Ing. Andres Gerique,Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Univer-sity of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kochstrasse 4/4, D-91054Erlangen, Germany.e-mail:[email protected]@geographie.uni-erlangen.de Manuskripteingang/received/manuscrit entre le12.5.2006Annahme zumDruck/accepted for publication/acceptepour Timpression: 3.12.2006
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تاریخ انتشار 2012